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Massive continuum limits and exact mass asymptotics for planar $O(n)$ models
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Massive continuum limits and exact mass asymptotics for planar $O(n)$ models
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| Canonical $O(3)$ continuum limit and exact $O(4)$ mass asymptotics. Constructs the canonical continuum limit of the two-dimensional nearest-neighbor $O(3)$ model: a non-Gaussian local relativistic theory with a unique vacuum and a positive mass gap. For the square-lattice $O(4)$ model, determines the exact leading asymptotic of the full transfer gap, $m_{\mathrm{lat}}(\beta)\sim32e^{\pi/4-1/2}\sqrt\beta\,e^{-\pi\beta}$. The family also proves exponential spin-correlation decay for two-dimensional nearest-neighbor $O(n)$ models with n ≥ 3 at every positive temperature. |
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We construct a canonical interacting massive continuum limit of the two-dimensional nearest-neighbor $O(3)$ model with unit-length spins, no external field, and no topological term. Normalized by susceptibility and second-moment correlation length, the limit exists as the bare coupling tends to infinity through all positive real values, without selecting subsequences. The limiting fields satisfy the Osterwalder–Schrader axioms and have a nonzero connected four-point correlation on separated time supports. Their reconstructed theory has a unique vacuum, a nonzero vacuum complement, and a positive Hamiltonian gap on that entire complement.
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We consider the continuum spin field constructed from the nearest-neighbor two-dimensional $O(3)$ model by the fixed prescription of the companion paper. We prove that its vector two-point spectral measure has a positive atom corresponding to the lowest mass, separated by a positive gap from all remaining mass support.
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For the nearest-neighbor $O(4)$ model on the square lattice at inverse temperature β, we prove the exact low-temperature asymptotic
$\displaystyle m_{\mathrm{lat}}(\beta)\sim 32\exp(\pi/4-1/2)\sqrt\beta\,\exp(-\pi\beta) \qquad (\beta\to\infty).$
Here the mass is the gap of the full Osterwalder–Schrader transfer operator, including rotation-invariant local-observable sectors, in units of one original lattice time step.
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We prove sharp mass bounds for the two-dimensional nearest-neighbor $O(4)$ model. For all sufficiently large inverse couplings β, the full transfer gap, including rotation-invariant local-observable sectors, is bounded above and below by positive multiples of $\sqrt\beta e^{-\pi\beta}$. We also prove that the model has a unique periodic local limit and a positive full gap at every finite β > 0, resolving the all-temperature lattice mass-generation conjecture for this periodic state. Under the stated cutoff scaling, the mass bounds are uniform in independently fixed physical units. A continuum spectral interpretation requires separate convergence hypotheses for the transfer semigroup and the block observables.
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We prove exponential decay of two-point correlations for the classical nearest-neighbor $O(n)$ model on the square lattice, for every n ≥ 3 and every finite positive inverse temperature. The estimate is uniform over finite free-boundary subgraphs and bounded nonnegative edge strengths. This resolves positively the all-temperature exponential spin-decay conjecture for these models.
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