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Integer multiplication below $n\log n$
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Difficulty:🧠🧠🧠🧠🧠 Ages:13 - ∞
Skills:algorithms, speed Levels:1
Category:Theoretical computer science Lean version:not yet
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Integer multiplication below $n\log n$. Multiplies two n-bit integers exactly at every input length in deterministic worst-case time $O(n(\log n)^{1-\kappa})$, with $\kappa=2^{-182}$, on one fixed finite-alphabet Turing machine with finitely many one-dimensional tapes. This disproves the Schönhage–Strassen $n\log n$ optimality conjecture in the ordinary multitape bit model.

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released 2026-09-23  |  1 theorem · 15 lemmas · 21 proofs · 35,708 words  |  PLAY LEVEL 1 »  (pdf)
We give a deterministic algorithm that multiplies two n-bit integers in $O(n(\lg n)^{1-\kappa})$ worst-case time, with $\kappa=2^{-182}$, on one fixed finite-alphabet Turing machine with a fixed finite number of one-dimensional tapes. The algorithm is exact for every input length and disproves the $n\log n$ optimality conjecture of Schönhage and Strassen in this model.

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