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A negative answer to the Lang–Plaut problem
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Compact counterexamples to bi-Lipschitz dimension reduction. Every infinite-dimensional real Banach space contains a compact doubling set that admits no bi-Lipschitz embedding into any finite-dimensional normed space. The doubling constant is universal. This answers the Lang–Plaut problem negatively, even for compact subsets of Hilbert space.

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released 2026-09-25  |  1 theorem · 1 lemma · 5 proofs · 5,317 words  |  PLAY LEVEL 1 »  (pdf)
Every infinite-dimensional real Banach space contains a compact doubling subset that admits no bi-Lipschitz embedding into any finite-dimensional real normed space. The doubling constant has a universal bound, independent of the ambient Banach space. This answers the Lang–Plaut problem negatively, even for compact subsets of Hilbert space.

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